LiftHER

Physical violence involves the deliberate use of force to cause harm. This can include hitting, punching, kicking, strangulation, burning, or the use of weapons. While it can happen anywhere, many women experience physical violence within intimate relationships, often behind closed doors. In the UK, the risk is stark: on average, a woman is killed by a man every three days. Physical violence is one of the most visible forms of abuse, but its impact reaches far beyond immediate injury.

How it presents

Physical violence rarely exists in isolation. It often appears alongside intimidation, threats, and controlling behaviour, forming part of a wider pattern of abuse. For some women, violence escalates over time, becoming more frequent or more severe. Strangulation, in particular, is a serious warning sign and is strongly linked to an increased risk of homicide.

Incidents may occur during arguments, but they are not caused by conflict alone. The defining feature is the misuse of power and the intention to harm, frighten, or control. Physical violence can take place in the home, in public spaces, or at work, and may be hidden beneath clothing, explanations, or silence.

The impact

The physical effects of violence can be severe and long-lasting. Survivors may live with broken bones, head injuries, internal damage, chronic pain, or disability. Some injuries heal, but others leave permanent marks on health and mobility.

The psychological impact is often just as damaging. Many women experience anxiety, fear, hypervigilance, and a constant sense of danger that limits daily life. Sleep, concentration, and confidence can all be affected. Children who witness physical violence are also harmed, even if they are not directly assaulted, and may experience emotional distress, behavioural changes, or long-term developmental difficulties. The effects of physical violence ripple outward, affecting families, relationships, and communities.

The system response

Physical violence often results in emergency medical care, including visits to A&E or hospital admission. When incidents are reported, police may record offences ranging from common assault to grievous bodily harm or attempted murder. In cases involving partners or family members, domestic abuse legislation may apply.

Survivors are often faced with difficult choices about reporting, giving statements, or engaging with legal proceedings. Court processes can be lengthy and emotionally exhausting, requiring women to recount traumatic events in detail. Many describe feeling unprotected or unsupported by the system, particularly when abuse continues or escalates. Although refuge services and specialist organisations exist, barriers such as fear, financial dependence, housing insecurity, or lack of information prevent many women from accessing help.