EMERGENCY CARE
These summaries explain what a medical emergency can look or feel like, why it matters, and when 999 may be the right call. Acting quickly can make a real difference.
Poisoning
What it is and how it may present
Poisoning occurs when a harmful substance enters the body. This can happen through swallowing, breathing in fumes, absorbing chemicals through the skin, or injecting a substance. Poisons may include medications taken incorrectly or in excess, household chemicals, alcohol, drugs, carbon monoxide, or substances found in the environment.
Symptoms can vary widely depending on the substance and amount involved. A person may feel sick, dizzy, confused, unusually drowsy, agitated, or short of breath. In some cases, symptoms may be mild at first and worsen over time, while in others they can appear suddenly and severely.
Why this is a medical emergency
Many poisons interfere with vital body systems such as breathing, heart function, or the nervous system. Some cause damage that is not immediately obvious, while others can act quickly and unpredictably. Delays in assessment or treatment can increase the risk of serious harm, organ damage, or death.
Poisoning may also occur unintentionally, particularly in children, or alongside other risks such as alcohol use, mental health crises, or accidental exposure at home or work.
Why emergency services may be appropriate
Emergency services may be appropriate if poisoning is suspected, especially if the person is confused, unconscious, having difficulty breathing, experiencing seizures, or deteriorating rapidly. Prompt medical assessment allows for monitoring, supportive treatment, and specialist input where needed. Early intervention can significantly reduce complications and improve outcomes.