EMERGENCY CARE
These summaries explain what a medical emergency can look or feel like, why it matters, and when 999 may be the right call. Acting quickly can make a real difference.
Fractures
What it is and how it may present
A fracture is a break or crack in a bone. This can happen after a fall, impact, or trauma, and symptoms can range from mild pain and swelling to severe injury. Some fractures are obvious, with visible deformity, abnormal movement, or bone protruding through the skin. Others may be less clear at first, presenting as pain, swelling, bruising, or difficulty using a limb.
In some cases, pain may increase over time rather than immediately. Fractures can affect any part of the body, including the arms, legs, ribs, hips, and spine.
Why this is a medical emergency
Certain fractures require urgent emergency care. Open fractures, where the bone breaks through the skin, carry a high risk of infection and significant blood loss. Fractures involving the spine, pelvis, or major joints can threaten mobility, nerve function, or internal organs. Visible distortion of a limb, severe pain, or inability to move safely may indicate a serious injury.
Moving someone with a suspected spinal or major fracture can worsen the injury and increase the risk of long-term damage.
Why emergency services may be appropriate
Emergency services may be appropriate for fractures that are open, visibly deformed, associated with major trauma, or involve the head, neck, or spine. Calling 999 helps ensure the person can be assessed, stabilised, and moved safely if needed.
Less severe or suspected fractures, such as minor wrist or ankle injuries, may often be assessed through urgent care services or emergency departments without an emergency ambulance. Assessment helps confirm the injury and guide appropriate treatment.